Census fetched 2026-09-30 · population: Hipo university-domains-list (world_universities_and_domains.json; primary domain per institution), pulled 2026-09-30 · datasets (CC BY 4.0) · live changes
The world university web census, September 2026: what 10,265 universities in 200 countries publish for students, security researchers and AI agents
Every university with a primary domain in the public university-domains list (10,265 institutions) was fetched once over HTTPS on 2026-09-30, with robots.txt, security.txt (both locations), llms.txt and the A2A agent card. 6,811 answered with a website. The US-only IPEDS census is a separate property with finer institution types.
Reachable over HTTPS
66.4%
6,811 of 10,265 universities
security.txt
4.8%
326 of reachable sites; 200 complete and current
Accessibility statement linked
22.4%
1,526 homepages
Privacy policy linked
29.1%
1,980 homepages
Block GPTBot
201
125 block ChatGPT-User; 166 ClaudeBot
llms.txt
400
1 publish an A2A agent card
What we found
- security.txt: 326 of 6,811 reachable sites (4.8%) publish one; 200 are complete and current (a Contact line and an unexpired Expires line, RFC 9116); 61 have expired; 59 serve it only at /security.txt instead of /.well-known/security.txt.
- Accessibility: 22.4% of reachable sites link an accessibility statement from the homepage.
- Privacy: 29.1% link a privacy policy from the homepage.
- HTTPS: 6,811 of 10,265 domains (66.4%) answered over HTTPS; 470 answer only over plain HTTP; 40.8% of reachable sites send HSTS; 448 homepages redirect to a different domain.
- AI crawlers and assistants: 5,240 sites serve a robots.txt; 201 block GPTBot, 166 ClaudeBot and 125 ChatGPT-User; 89 disallow every bot; 93 block both ChatGPT-User and Claude-User; 95 block GPTBot while leaving OAI-SearchBot allowed; 585 name an AI crawler explicitly; 26 carry a Content-Signal line.
- Machine-readable surfaces: 400 publish an llms.txt and 1 an A2A agent card; 2,127 homepages carry schema.org structured data.
By country
| Country | In list | Reachable | security.txt | valid | privacy link | accessibility link | HSTS | blocks GPTBot | blocks ChatGPT-User | llms.txt | agent card |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| other | 4,343 | 2,784 (64.1%) | 149 (5.4%) | 98 | 16.6% | 9.4% | 37.1% | 81 | 58 | 167 | 0 |
| United States | 2,349 | 1,910 (81.3%) | 51 (2.7%) | 26 | 54.7% | 53.6% | 50.6% | 41 | 21 | 144 | 0 |
| Japan | 572 | 457 (79.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 62.1% | 4.6% | 21.0% | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| India | 477 | 297 (62.3%) | 2 (0.7%) | 0 | 17.5% | 5.4% | 27.6% | 7 | 5 | 37 | 0 |
| China | 399 | 18 (4.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 27.8% | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Germany | 321 | 215 (67.0%) | 65 (30.2%) | 54 | 6.0% | 4.7% | 64.2% | 5 | 1 | 8 | 0 |
| Russian Federation | 308 | 136 (44.2%) | 2 (1.5%) | 2 | 11.0% | 1.5% | 31.6% | 12 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| France | 294 | 175 (59.5%) | 23 (13.1%) | 2 | 3.4% | 42.3% | 46.9% | 4 | 2 | 7 | 1 |
| Korea, Republic of | 244 | 146 (59.8%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 | 6.2% | 0.0% | 24.0% | 32 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Indonesia | 197 | 166 (84.3%) | 4 (2.4%) | 1 | 4.2% | 0.6% | 33.1% | 6 | 3 | 8 | 0 |
| United Kingdom | 193 | 141 (73.1%) | 20 (14.2%) | 11 | 54.6% | 66.0% | 63.1% | 4 | 1 | 13 | 0 |
| Iran | 193 | 86 (44.6%) | 2 (2.3%) | 0 | 5.8% | 1.2% | 48.8% | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Turkiye | 188 | 153 (81.4%) | 3 (2.0%) | 2 | 0.7% | 9.2% | 41.8% | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Brazil | 187 | 127 (67.9%) | 4 (3.1%) | 3 | 3.1% | 6.3% | 40.9% | 2 | 1 | 6 | 0 |
One page per country with its domains: https://universities.agentexchange.work/by-country-type.
By country
Countries with at least 20 universities in the list; percentages are of reachable sites.
| Country | In list | Reachable | security.txt | privacy link | accessibility link | HSTS | blocks GPTBot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the United States | 2,349 | 1,910 (81.3%) | 51 | 54.7% | 53.6% | 50.6% | 41 |
| Japan | 572 | 457 (79.9%) | 0 | 62.1% | 4.6% | 21.0% | 5 |
| India | 477 | 297 (62.3%) | 2 | 17.5% | 5.4% | 27.6% | 7 |
| China | 399 | 18 (4.5%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 27.8% | 1 |
| Germany | 321 | 215 (67.0%) | 65 | 6.0% | 4.7% | 64.2% | 5 |
| RU | 308 | 136 (44.2%) | 2 | 11.0% | 1.5% | 31.6% | 12 |
| France | 294 | 175 (59.5%) | 23 | 3.4% | 42.3% | 46.9% | 4 |
| South Korea | 244 | 146 (59.8%) | 1 | 6.2% | 0.0% | 24.0% | 32 |
| Indonesia | 197 | 166 (84.3%) | 4 | 4.2% | 0.6% | 33.1% | 6 |
| the United Kingdom | 193 | 141 (73.1%) | 20 | 54.6% | 66.0% | 63.1% | 4 |
| IR | 193 | 86 (44.6%) | 2 | 5.8% | 1.2% | 48.8% | 0 |
| TR | 188 | 153 (81.4%) | 3 | 0.7% | 9.2% | 41.8% | 1 |
| Brazil | 187 | 127 (67.9%) | 4 | 3.1% | 6.3% | 40.9% | 2 |
| Mexico | 166 | 100 (60.2%) | 2 | 0.0% | 3.0% | 35.0% | 2 |
| Canada | 159 | 111 (69.8%) | 8 | 42.3% | 52.3% | 55.9% | 3 |
| Malaysia | 152 | 83 (54.6%) | 1 | 26.5% | 2.4% | 30.1% | 3 |
| Poland | 138 | 80 (58.0%) | 0 | 2.5% | 6.3% | 32.5% | 9 |
| PK | 136 | 98 (72.1%) | 2 | 9.2% | 2.0% | 28.6% | 0 |
| AR | 121 | 104 (86.0%) | 0 | 0.0% | 1.0% | 26.0% | 1 |
| the Philippines | 118 | 77 (65.3%) | 3 | 33.8% | 6.5% | 37.7% | 4 |
| NG | 115 | 83 (72.2%) | 0 | 15.7% | 1.2% | 16.9% | 1 |
| CO | 104 | 2 (1.9%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 50.0% | 0 |
| Spain | 96 | 82 (85.4%) | 3 | 4.9% | 6.1% | 48.8% | 6 |
| Italy | 93 | 75 (80.6%) | 4 | 72.0% | 45.3% | 33.3% | 3 |
| Taiwan | 86 | 50 (58.1%) | 2 | 8.0% | 54.0% | 74.0% | 5 |
| BD | 83 | 65 (78.3%) | 2 | 10.8% | 3.1% | 13.8% | 0 |
| Switzerland | 76 | 63 (82.9%) | 20 | 12.7% | 15.9% | 57.1% | 2 |
| Ukraine | 75 | 42 (56.0%) | 1 | 0.0% | 4.8% | 11.9% | 1 |
| PE | 67 | 56 (83.6%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 33.9% | 1 |
| TH | 67 | 55 (82.1%) | 0 | 18.2% | 1.8% | 40.0% | 0 |
| Chile | 65 | 36 (55.4%) | 0 | 2.8% | 5.6% | 44.4% | 0 |
| Portugal | 65 | 41 (63.1%) | 10 | 9.8% | 2.4% | 43.9% | 1 |
| Romania | 63 | 46 (73.0%) | 2 | 6.5% | 0.0% | 30.4% | 1 |
| SA | 62 | 33 (53.2%) | 0 | 39.4% | 3.0% | 60.6% | 2 |
| VN | 60 | 43 (71.7%) | 0 | 2.3% | 0.0% | 37.2% | 1 |
| Australia | 59 | 53 (89.8%) | 6 | 41.5% | 34.0% | 54.7% | 0 |
| Belgium | 50 | 34 (68.0%) | 6 | 50.0% | 5.9% | 76.5% | 1 |
| KE | 49 | 34 (69.4%) | 0 | 26.5% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 1 |
| the Netherlands | 48 | 37 (77.1%) | 20 | 75.7% | 5.4% | 78.4% | 0 |
| IQ | 47 | 29 (61.7%) | 0 | 6.9% | 3.4% | 20.7% | 3 |
| Austria | 46 | 34 (73.9%) | 7 | 11.8% | 5.9% | 50.0% | 0 |
| EG | 44 | 26 (59.1%) | 1 | 23.1% | 0.0% | 30.8% | 1 |
| EC | 43 | 15 (34.9%) | 0 | 6.7% | 6.7% | 73.3% | 0 |
| Hungary | 42 | 21 (50.0%) | 1 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 47.6% | 3 |
| AF | 40 | 29 (72.5%) | 0 | 3.4% | 0.0% | 13.8% | 0 |
| AE | 37 | 24 (64.9%) | 0 | 41.7% | 25.0% | 50.0% | 0 |
| BG | 37 | 25 (67.6%) | 1 | 4.0% | 12.0% | 20.0% | 0 |
| Sweden | 37 | 33 (89.2%) | 20 | 12.1% | 0.0% | 63.6% | 0 |
| VE | 37 | 22 (59.5%) | 0 | 4.5% | 0.0% | 27.3% | 0 |
| Finland | 35 | 21 (60.0%) | 4 | 0.0% | 4.8% | 76.2% | 0 |
| SD | 35 | 18 (51.4%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 11.1% | 0 |
| BY | 34 | 13 (38.2%) | 0 | 0.0% | 7.7% | 53.8% | 2 |
| Denmark | 34 | 2 (5.9%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 50.0% | 0 |
| Greece | 33 | 29 (87.9%) | 0 | 6.9% | 3.4% | 41.4% | 2 |
| MA | 33 | 14 (42.4%) | 0 | 7.1% | 0.0% | 28.6% | 0 |
| AZ | 32 | 25 (78.1%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 12.0% | 1 |
| CR | 32 | 1 (3.1%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0 |
| GH | 31 | 23 (74.2%) | 0 | 17.4% | 4.3% | 30.4% | 1 |
| BO | 31 | 22 (71.0%) | 0 | 4.5% | 0.0% | 13.6% | 0 |
| Slovakia | 31 | 29 (93.5%) | 1 | 0.0% | 17.2% | 20.7% | 0 |
| Czechia | 30 | 1 (3.3%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0 |
| ET | 30 | 17 (56.7%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 23.5% | 0 |
| DZ | 29 | 23 (79.3%) | 1 | 4.3% | 4.3% | 39.1% | 0 |
| JO | 29 | 20 (69.0%) | 0 | 20.0% | 15.0% | 50.0% | 0 |
| KZ | 29 | 15 (51.7%) | 0 | 6.7% | 0.0% | 6.7% | 0 |
| South Africa | 29 | 20 (69.0%) | 0 | 35.0% | 10.0% | 45.0% | 2 |
| Ireland | 27 | 24 (88.9%) | 2 | 66.7% | 79.2% | 83.3% | 3 |
| LK | 27 | 20 (74.1%) | 0 | 10.0% | 0.0% | 10.0% | 0 |
| DO | 26 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0 |
| SV | 25 | 18 (72.0%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 27.8% | 1 |
| PR | 25 | 15 (60.0%) | 5 | 6.7% | 6.7% | 60.0% | 0 |
| Israel | 24 | 22 (91.7%) | 1 | 40.9% | 31.8% | 27.3% | 1 |
| LV | 24 | 16 (66.7%) | 0 | 6.3% | 12.5% | 25.0% | 1 |
| LB | 24 | 16 (66.7%) | 0 | 18.8% | 0.0% | 31.3% | 2 |
| Norway | 24 | 16 (66.7%) | 4 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 81.3% | 0 |
| UZ | 23 | 15 (65.2%) | 0 | 13.3% | 0.0% | 20.0% | 0 |
| KH | 21 | 15 (71.4%) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 26.7% | 1 |
Ranked table and one page per country with its domains: https://universities.agentexchange.work/by-country.
Named lists
Largest universities without a security.txt (first 60 of 300)
stonybrook.edu · ukim.edu.mk · student.uliege.be · sydney.edu.au · tum.de · cityu.edu.hk · hkbu.edu.hk · universityofgalway.ie · ifmo.ru · megatrend-edu.net · royalholloway.ac.uk · manchester.ac.uk · campus-saint-marc.com · upe.poli.br · xhu.edu.cn · ara.ac.nz · itt-tech.info · augusta.edu · csub.edu · capella.edu · coloradotech.edu · illinoisstate.edu · indianatech.edu · iit.edu · neu.edu · sacredheart.edu · missouri.edu · uml.edu · upenn.edu · und.edu · uiuc.edu · usc.edu · hsc.unt.edu · usafa.af.mil · utd.edu · uw.edu · uiw.edu · phoenix.edu · monash.edu · cemic.edu.ar · uts.edu.au · murdoch.edu.au · uow.edu.au · daffodilvarsity.edu.bd · ulb.be · ugent.be · ucsal.br · vub.ac.be · ufmg.br · humber.ca · langara.bc.ca · utoronto.ca · wlu.ca · senecacollege.ca · laurea.fi · lut.fi · ens-paris-saclay.fr · grenoble-em.com · hec.fr · polytechnique.fr
Sites with an expired security.txt (first 60 of 61)
princeton.edu · pvamu.edu · tamu.edu · hilo.hawaii.edu · villanova.edu · westliberty.edu · unl.edu · unk.edu · federation.edu.au · rmit.edu.au · ius.edu.ba · unesp.br · ucalgary.ca · ulaval.ca · uoguelph.ca · tut.fi · uta.fi · devinci.fr · vet-nantes.fr · fh-brandenburg.de · efh-bochum.de · th-brandenburg.de · fh-potsdam.de · uog.edu · umj.ac.id · upstegal.ac.id · widyatama.ac.id · shahroodut.ac.ir · gmit.ie · unigre.it · ddu.nl · hanze.nl · uva.nl · zu.edu.pk · hebron.edu · ipb.pt · uac.pt · ubi.pt · uportu.pt · hkr.se · kau.se · dct.ch · lu.se · epfl.ch · mdh.se · bfh.ch · konstfack.se · ntb.ch · fhsg.ch · hsr.ch · zhaw.ch · chester.ac.uk · aston.ac.uk · soas.ac.uk · gre.ac.uk · mmu.ac.uk · rumeli.edu.tr · tcc.fl.edu · lccc.wy.edu · usj.es
Sites publishing an llms.txt (first 60 of 400)
atc.edu · antioch.edu · fullsail.edu · antiochne.edu · aum.edu · averett.edu · belmont.edu · bentley.edu · berklee.edu · bethel.edu · bluffton.edu · calstate.edu · capella.edu · brenau.edu · csc.edu · cts.edu · dickinsonstate.edu · coloradotech.edu · curry.edu · davenport.edu · dickinson.edu · depauw.edu · dordt.edu · drury.edu · eiu.edu · lecom.edu · eku.edu · fuller.edu · fresno.edu · goucher.edu · graceland.edu · hartwick.edu · hollins.edu · ithaca.edu · msu.edu · nyit.edu · pwu.com · oru.edu · pace.edu · phillips.edu · pct.edu · newberry.edu · rose-hulman.edu · onu.edu · rhodes.edu · quincy.edu · rmc.edu · semo.edu · suu.edu · sju.edu · regent.edu · na.edu · niu.edu · syr.edu · uams.edu · thomas.edu · uark.edu · ucsf.edu · tntech.edu · sfc.edu
Sites publishing an A2A agent card (1)
Sites telling ChatGPT-User and Claude-User not to open pages for users (first 60 of 93)
csudh.edu · cuny.edu · gannon.edu · peru.edu · osu.edu · wells.edu · iua.edu.ar · sru.edu.kh · camosun.bc.ca · teluq.uquebec.ca · suez.edu.eg · ues.edu.sv · univ-avignon.fr · pust.urbe.it · tu-berlin.de · uni-pannon.hu · sriramachandra.edu.in · ayurveduniversity.com · sdau.edu.in · su.digitaluniversity.ac · siu.edu.in · unimed.ac.id · unja.ac.id · undana.ac.id · uokufa.edu.iq · ariel.ac.il · kitasato-u.ac.jp · sun.ac.jp · cju.ac.kr · chosun.ac.kr · dgist.ac.kr · gjue.ac.kr · howon.ac.kr · hongik.ac.kr · gimcheon.ac.kr · usiu.ac.ke · kosin.ac.kr · kafna.ac.kr · iccu.ac.kr · kornu.ac.kr · knsu.ac.kr · puts.ac.kr · kangwon.ac.kr · bible.ac.kr · kyungnam.ac.kr · deu.ac.kr · nsu.ac.kr · skku.edu · kyonggi.ac.kr · skku.ac.kr · gist.ac.kr · aum.edu.kw · kkot.ac.kr · iuil.lu · usek.edu.lb · ust.ac.kr · ndu.edu.lb · ptpl.edu.my · polipd.edu.my · azc.uam.mx
Sites blocking GPTBot (OpenAI's training crawler) (first 60 of 201)
uct.ac.za · uvigo.gal · usc.es · mtu.ie · fullsail.edu · csudh.edu · cuny.edu · stkate.edu · dickinsonstate.edu · elmhurst.edu · fisk.edu · gannon.edu · howardcc.edu · goucher.edu · hillsdale.edu · nku.edu · peru.edu · osu.edu · anselm.edu · sdstate.edu · usna.edu · umd.edu · udayton.edu · vccs.edu · uwsp.edu · wells.edu · auamed.org · iua.edu.ar · aztu.edu.az · bntu.by · vsavm.com · coleurope.eu · sru.edu.kh · camosun.bc.ca · mta.ca · teluq.uquebec.ca · suez.edu.eg · ues.edu.sv · sisekaitse.ee · esa-purpan.fr · univ-avignon.fr · utc.fr · hs-magdeburg.de · uni-duisburg-essen.de · tu-clausthal.de · dei.edu.gr · uni-augsburg.de · uowm.gr · pust.urbe.it · tu-berlin.de · ashesi.edu.gh · elte.hu · uni-pannon.hu · sriramachandra.edu.in · ayurveduniversity.com · tkbf.hu · sdau.edu.in · su.digitaluniversity.ac · siu.edu.in · karpagamuniv.com
Homepages that redirect to another domain (first 60 of 300)
antiochne.edu → www.antioch.edu · neu.edu → www.northeastern.edu · phillips.edu → www.pulf.org · ncwc.edu → ncwu.edu · sl.psu.edu → schuylkill.psu.edu · quinnipiac.edu → www.qu.edu · slc.edu → www.sarahlawrence.edu · ogi.edu → www.ohsu.edu · palmbeachstate.edu → www.pbsc.edu · selu.edu → www.southeastern.edu · syr.edu → www.syracuse.edu · txstate.edu → www.txst.edu · arbor.edu → springarbor.edu · usuhs.mil → www.usuhs.edu · usma.edu → www.westpoint.edu · uchastings.edu → www.uclawsf.edu · tamuc.edu → www.etamu.edu · ucdenver.edu → www.cudenver.edu · mrs.umn.edu → morris.umn.edu · uiuc.edu → illinois.edu · umf.maine.edu → farmington.edu · hsc.unt.edu → www.unthealth.edu · upj.pitt.edu → www.johnstown.pitt.edu · uncc.edu → www.charlotte.edu · uno.edu → www.lsuneworleans.edu · utd.edu → www.utdallas.edu · uw.edu → www.washington.edu · vtc.edu → vermontstate.edu · wustl.edu → washu.edu · uwsa.edu → www.wisconsin.edu · westminster-mo.edu → www.wcmo.edu · caece.edu.ar → www.ucaece.edu.ar · ucan.edu → www.ucan.co.ao · uma.co.ao → universidademetodista.ao · uncu.edu.ar → www.uncuyo.edu.ar · uflo.edu.ar → www.uflouniversidad.edu.ar · hospitalitaliano.edu.ar → instituto.hospitalitaliano.org.ar · unisa.edu.au → adelaide.edu.au · uws.edu.au → www.westernsydney.edu.au · fh-kufstein.ac.at → www.hok.ac.at · fh-burgenland.at → hochschule-burgenland.at · fh-hagenberg.at → fh-ooe.at · fh-steyr.at → fh-ooe.at · fh-wels.at → fh-ooe.at · imc-krems.ac.at → www.imc.ac.at · swin.edu.au → www.swinburne.edu.au · fh-krems.ac.at → www.imc.ac.at · fhw.at → www.fh-wien.ac.at · usc.edu.au → www.unisc.edu.au · rcsi-mub.com → www.rcsi.com · umit.at → www.umit-tirol.at · tuwien.ac.at → www.tuwien.at · usq.edu.au → www.unisq.edu.au · uni-klu.ac.at → www.aau.at · uits.edu.bd → uits.ac.bd · presidency.edu.bd → pu.edu.bd · seu.ac.bd → seu.edu.bd · vu-wien.ac.at → www.vetmeduni.ac.at · bsmrau.edu.bd → gau.edu.bd · ehsal.be → www.odisee.be
Sites with a Content-Signal line in robots.txt (26)
fullsail.edu · hillsdale.edu · psu.edu · auamed.org · coleurope.eu · helsinki.fi · uni-greifswald.de · dei.edu.gr · tu-berlin.de · karpagamuniv.com · um.ac.id · aambfs.edu.eg · venta.lv · city.edu.my · tilburguniversity.nl · pau.edu.ng · wsub.waw.pl · ulusofona.pt · unav.es · phbern.ch · ude.edu.uy · sautech.edu · bmcc.edu · vcc.edu · iese.edu · hesperides.edu.es
Largest universities without an accessibility link on the homepage (first 60 of 300)
ukim.edu.mk · sydney.edu.au · unistra.fr · tum.de · cityu.edu.hk · ifmo.ru · megatrend-edu.net · campus-saint-marc.com · upe.poli.br · xhu.edu.cn · ara.ac.nz · itt-tech.info · coloradotech.edu · iit.edu · und.edu · usc.edu · usafa.af.mil · phoenix.edu · monash.edu · cemic.edu.ar · murdoch.edu.au · daffodilvarsity.edu.bd · ugent.be · ucsal.br · vub.ac.be · ufmg.br · humber.ca · utoronto.ca · senecacollege.ca · laurea.fi · lut.fi · grenoble-em.com · hec.fr · epitech.eu · hochschule-bonn-rhein-sieg.de · sciences-po.fr · ostfalia.de · hs-anhalt.de · tu-braunschweig.de · uni-duesseldorf.de · tu-dortmund.de · fau.de · uni-muenster.de · lmu.de · sse.army.gr · hkmu.edu.hk · ihu.gr · cuhk.edu.hk · whu-koblenz.de · ln.edu.hk · polyu.edu.hk · sastra.edu · ucd.ie · polimi.it · osakac.ac.jp · chungbuk.ac.kr · kaist.ac.kr · postech.ac.kr · pknu.ac.kr · skuniv.ac.kr
What universities are expected to publish
- EU Web Accessibility Directive (Directive (EU) 2016/2102): Public universities in EU member states are public-sector bodies: websites must be accessible and carry an accessibility statement in the prescribed format. This census counts a homepage link to an accessibility statement as a proxy. Source
- US ADA Title II web rule (28 CFR part 35, subpart H): Public colleges and universities in the United States must meet WCAG 2.1 AA on the web by April 24, 2026 (entities serving 50,000+ people) or April 26, 2027 (smaller). Source
- UK Public Sector Bodies Accessibility Regulations 2018: UK universities must publish an accessibility statement and meet WCAG 2.2 AA. Source
- Vulnerability disclosure: security.txt (RFC 9116): RFC 9116 defines /.well-known/security.txt so researchers can find a contact and a policy; many national cyber agencies and the higher-education ISACs recommend it. Source
- AI crawler and assistant access (robots.txt): robots.txt groups for GPTBot, ClaudeBot, ChatGPT-User, Claude-User and Perplexity-User decide whether AI systems can read course, admissions and research pages and whether assistants can open a page a student asks about; this census records the verdict per bot. Source
Look up any university
Questions
How many universities publish a security.txt?
326 of the 6,811 reachable university sites (4.8%) publish a security.txt; 200 are complete and current and 61 have expired.
How many universities block AI crawlers?
201 of the reachable sites tell GPTBot not to crawl at all; the report lists per-bot verdicts for ClaudeBot, ChatGPT-User, Claude-User and Perplexity-User and the by-country table shows where blocking concentrates.
How many universities link an accessibility statement?
22.4% of the reachable sites link an accessibility statement from the homepage, measured as a homepage anchor whose path mentions accessibility or the visible text "accessibility statement".
Where does the list of universities come from?
From the public university-domains list maintained on GitHub by Hipo (one primary domain per institution, with country codes). It is community-maintained, so a few institutions may be missing or renamed; the US IPEDS census is the authoritative US population.
How many publish an llms.txt or an A2A agent card?
400 publish an llms.txt that parses; 1 publish an A2A agent card at /.well-known/agent-card.json.
Method and limits
Population: Hipo university-domains-list (world_universities_and_domains.json; primary domain per institution), pulled 2026-09-30 with each institution's name, country (ISO 3166-1 code in the state column), state or province where the list has one, and the number of domains the list knows for it.. Fetch: one HTTPS request to the apex (then www.), following redirects, 8-second timeout, user agent agentexchange-census/1.0; then robots.txt, /.well-known/security.txt, /security.txt, /llms.txt and /.well-known/agent-card.json on the final host. "Reachable" means any HTTP response over HTTPS, including 403s from bot protection. Homepage links are detected from anchor targets and visible text, so a policy that exists but is not linked from the homepage is not counted. A robots.txt "blocked" verdict means the agent's own group (or the * group) disallows the whole site; "partly blocked" means some paths are disallowed. One snapshot per domain; slow sites and sites that block automated requests are counted as unreachable or reachable-with-error as the server answered. Live re-checks: every 6 hours this host re-fetches the homepage, robots.txt, security.txt and llms.txt of a rotating slice of up to 120 domains (each domain at most once per 14 days, same rules and user agent) and records any difference from the census record on the domain page and in the changes list; a 403, 429 or 503 to our request is recorded as inconclusive, not as a change. Per-domain records: lookup; downloads: CSV, NDJSON and JSON (CC BY 4.0).
Run one of these sites?
$49 full report or $99 monthly monitoring · Hosted accessibility feedback and privacy request desk
Other censuses
US college web census (IPEDS) · US school district web census · World government web census · Top 100,000 websites census · Agent-readiness grade and fix guides